nginx location多个

Introduction

When it comes to serving static assets or representing applications on web servers, Nginx is one of the optimal options. One of the key features of Nginx is the location directive that allows users to match and respond to the requests based on various criteria. In this article, we will explore the location directive in detail and how to use multiple location blocks to configure the server.

The location directive

The location directive allows Nginx to match client's request URLs to execute particular directives. The directive can be configured in different ways, and each way will serve a different function. The following are some methods used in creating each location block:

• location = /path/: will match only the exact URL /path/
• location /path/: It will match any URL that ends with /path/
• location ^~ /path/: It will match only the URL that begins with /path/
• location ~ pattern: It will perform a case-sensitive match based on the pattern provided.

The location directive is placed inside the server block to define the configuration of the website.

Multiple location Blocks

It is not always enough to define one location block for an Nginx server. Sometimes, multiple location blocks are required to handle different parts of the website. The location directive supports the definition of multiple blocks with different criteria. A client request URL gets checked against the first location block. If it doesn't match any of the criteria defined in that block, it proceeds to the next location block. If none of the location block matches, Nginx returns the 404 error.

Order of Evaluation

When defining multiple location blocks, we should take care of the order of declaration. The first matching rule listed should be placed at the top, with subsequent rules added in descending order of priority. Here's an example to illustrate:

server {  location /blog/ {    # configuration specific to the blog.  }  location / {    # configuration specific to the main website.  }}

The /blog/ location block takes precedence over the / block because it was declared first in the Nginx configuration. Therefore, any request to the URL path "/blog/" will be served by its specific location block.

Nested location blocks

A location block can also contain sub location blocks. It is done by creating another nested block inside the parent block. A nested block can inherit configuration settings of the parent block and modify or extend them to cover specific needs. Here's an example:

server {  location /path/ {        location /path/media/ {      # Configuration for serving media requests    }        location /path/scripts {      # Configuration for serving scripts    }      }}

The configuration above shows a nested location block under the /path/ location block. The parent location block will be matched first, and if the client request URL matches the /path/, it moves to the sub-directory location block. This process continues until the request has been handled completely.

Conclusion

The location directive is an essential feature of Nginx, and it allows web developers to specify how the server should respond to client requests. Nginx configuration can have multiple location blocks based on the specific requirements of different parts of the website. Understanding how to use multiple location blocks, the order of evaluation, and nested location blocks will help in crafting an optimal and efficient server configuration.